Caroline Le Pennec is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Applied Economics at HEC Montréal. Her fields of interest are Political Economy, Electoral Competition, Campaign Communication. Her fields of interest are Political Economy, Electoral Competition, Campaign Communication
VoxEU Column
Incumbents have the upper hand in elections – coordination failures give them a further advantage
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![](../../../../../../../../../../var/folders/34/zq18d8kx7kbgby0j06p_j6t40000gn/T/TemporaryItems/NSIRD_screencaptureui_EM2XPo/Screenshot 2022-01-04 at 17.01.16.png)
- Politics and economics
VoxEU Column
The minimal effects of TV debates between candidates
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![](../../../../../../../../../../var/folders/34/zq18d8kx7kbgby0j06p_j6t40000gn/T/TemporaryItems/NSIRD_screencaptureui_EM2XPo/Screenshot 2022-01-04 at 17.01.16.png)
- Politics and economics