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Discussion Paper Details

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Title: Identifying Ideology: Experimental Evidence on Anti-Americanism in Pakistan

Author(s): Leonardo Bursztyn, Michael Callen, Bruno Ferman, Saad Gulzar, Ali Hasanain and Noam Yuchtman

Publication Date: February 2016

Keyword(s): Ideology, Political Expression, Political Participation and Revealed Preference Measurement

Programme Area(s): Development Economics

Abstract: Identifying the role of intrinsic, ideological motivation in political behavior is confounded by agents' consequential aims and social concerns. We present results from two experiments that implement a methodology isolating Pakistani men's intrinsic motives for expressing anti-American ideology, in a context with clearly-specified financial costs, but minimal consequential or social considerations. Over one-quarter of subjects forgo around one-fifth of a day's wage to avoid anonymously checking a box indicating gratitude toward the U.S. government, thus revealing anti-Americanism. We find that ideological expression responds to financial and social incentives, and that measured ideology predicts membership in a major anti-American political party.

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Bibliographic Reference

Bursztyn, L, Callen, M, Ferman, B, Gulzar, S, Hasanain, A and Yuchtman, N. 2016. 'Identifying Ideology: Experimental Evidence on Anti-Americanism in Pakistan'. London, Centre for Economic Policy Research. https://cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=11106