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Title: Money and Monetary Stability in Europe, 1300-1914

Author(s): Kivan� Karaman, Sevket Pamuk and Secil Yildirim

Publication Date: January 2018

Keyword(s): depreciation, fiat standard, fiscal capacity, gold standard, money, price stability and silver standard

Programme Area(s): Economic History and Monetary Economics and Fluctuations

Abstract: This paper investigates the determinants of monetary stability in Europe from the late medieval era until World War I. Through this period, the nominal anchor for monetary policy was the silver/gold equivalent of the monetary unit. States, however, frequently abandoned this anchor, some depreciating their monetary units against silver/gold less than 10 times and others more than 10,000 times between 1500 and 1914. To document patterns of monetary stability and put alternative theories of stability to test, we compile a new data set of silver/gold equivalents of monetary units for all major European states. We find strong support for political and fiscal theories arguing that states with weak executive constraints and intermediate levels of fiscal capacity had less stable monetary units. In contrast, the empirical support for monetary theories emphasizing the mechanics of the monetary system is weak. These findings support the primacy of political and fiscal factors over mechanical factors for monetary stability.

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Bibliographic Reference

Karaman, K, Pamuk, S and Yildirim, S. 2018. 'Money and Monetary Stability in Europe, 1300-1914'. London, Centre for Economic Policy Research. https://cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=12583