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Title: Building Bridges and Widening Gaps: Wage Gains and Equity Concerns of Labor Market Expansions

Author(s): Aline Butikofer, Katrine Løken and Alexander Willén

Publication Date: January 2020

Keyword(s): Equity Concerns, Labor Market Expansions and wages

Programme Area(s): Labour Economics

Abstract: We exploit the construction of the Oresund bridge, which connects a medium-sized city in Sweden to the capital of Denmark, to study the labor market effects of gaining access to a larger labor market. Using unique cross-country matched registry data that allow us to follow individuals across the border, we find that the bridge led to a substantial increase in cross-country commuting among Swedish residents. This effect is driven both by extensive and intensive margin employment responses, and translates into a 15% increase in the average wage of Swedish residents. However, the wage effects are unevenly distributed: the effect is largest for high-educated men and smallest for low-educated women. Thus, the wage gains come at the cost of increased income inequality and a widening of the gender wage gap, both within- and across-households. We show that these inequality effects are driven not only by differences in the propensity to commute, but also by educational specialization.

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Bibliographic Reference

Butikofer, A, Løken, K and Willén, A. 2020. 'Building Bridges and Widening Gaps: Wage Gains and Equity Concerns of Labor Market Expansions'. London, Centre for Economic Policy Research. https://cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=14287