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Title: International Friends and Enemies

Author(s): Benny Kleinman, Ernest Liu and Stephen J. Redding

Publication Date: July 2020

Keyword(s): Productivity Growth, Trade and welfare

Programme Area(s): International Trade and Regional Economics

Abstract: We develop sufficient statistics of countries' bilateral income and welfare exposure to foreign productivity shocks that are exact for small shocks in the class of models with a constant trade elasticity. For large shocks, we characterize the quality of the approximation, and show it to be almost exact. We compute these sufficient statistics for over 140 countries from 1970-2012. We show that our exposure measures depend on market-size, cross-substitution and cost of living effects. As countries become greater economic friends in terms of welfare exposure, they become greater political friends in terms of United Nations voting and strategic rivalries.

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Bibliographic Reference

Kleinman, B, Liu, E and Redding, S. 2020. 'International Friends and Enemies'. London, Centre for Economic Policy Research. https://cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=15068