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Title: What Makes an Entrepreneur and Does it Pay? Native Men, Turks and Other Migrants in Germany

Author(s): Amelie Constant, Yochanan Shachmurove and Klaus F Zimmermann

Publication Date: January 2004

Keyword(s): entrepreneurship, immigrants, occupational choice, self-employment and wage differentials

Programme Area(s): Labour Economics

Abstract: This Paper focuses on the entrepreneurial endeavors of immigrants and natives in Germany. We pay closer attention to Turks, since they are the largest immigrant group with a strong entrepreneurial tradition; self-employed Turks in Germany represent about 70% of all Turkish entrepreneurs in the European Union. We identify the characteristics of self-employed individuals and understand their underlying drive into self-employment. At the same time we investigate how immigrant entrepreneurs fare in the labour market compared to natives. Employing data from the German Socioeconomic Panel 2000 release we find that the probability of self-employment increases significantly with age for all groups albeit at a decreasing rate. Among immigrants, Turks are twice as likely to choose self-employment as any other immigrant group. The age-earnings profiles of self-employed German and immigrant men are concave and surprisingly similarly shaped. While for self-employed German men hours of work and Treiman prestige scale scores increase their earnings, for self-employed immigrant men it is the longevity of the business that makes a difference. Everything else equal, the earnings of self-employed Turks are no different from the earnings of the self-employed Greeks, Italians, Spaniards, ex-Yugoslavs, Polish or other East Europeans, including those immigrants who have become German citizens.

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Bibliographic Reference

Constant, A, Shachmurove, Y and Zimmermann, K. 2004. 'What Makes an Entrepreneur and Does it Pay? Native Men, Turks and Other Migrants in Germany'. London, Centre for Economic Policy Research. https://cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=4207