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Title: Reference Points and Effort Provision

Author(s): Johannes Abeler, Armin Falk, Lorenz Goette and David Huffman

Publication Date: March 2009

Keyword(s): Disappointment, Expectations, Experiment, Loss Aversion, Reference Points and Risk Aversion

Programme Area(s): Labour Economics

Abstract: A key open question for theories of reference-dependent references is what determines the reference point. One candidate is expectations: what people expect could affect how they feel about what actually occurs. In a real-effort experiment, we manipulate the rational expectations of subjects and check whether this manipulation influences their effort provision. We find that effort provision is significantly different between treatments in the way predicted by models of expectation-based reference-dependent preferences: if expectations are high, subjects work longer and earn more money than if expectations are low.

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Bibliographic Reference

Abeler, J, Falk, A, Goette, L and Huffman, D. 2009. 'Reference Points and Effort Provision'. London, Centre for Economic Policy Research. https://cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=7221