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Discussion Paper Details

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Title: Networked FDI: Sales and Sourcing Patterns of Japanese Foreign Affiliates

Author(s): Richard Baldwin and Toshihiro Okubo

Publication Date: May 2012

Keyword(s): complex FDI, Japanese foreign affiliates, multinationals, networked FDI, sales, sourcing and vertical and horizontal FDI

Programme Area(s): International Trade and Regional Economics

Abstract: This paper applies a novel empirical approach to characterising the horizontal-ness and vertical-ness of affiliates based on Yeaple?s complex FDI concept. In its simplest form, horizontal-ness is measured as affiliates? local sales share while their vertical-ness is measures as their share of non-local sourcing of intermediates. Japanese affiliates in most sectors and nations are partly vertical and partly horizontal but those in North American are far more ?horizontal? than those in the EU and Asia. Affiliates became more vertical between 1996 and 2005. A four-way sales and sourcing split (host, home, regional and RoW) suggests that affiliates act as nodes in regional production networks ? especially in Asia. We posit several hypotheses that could be tested with our empirical approach.

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Bibliographic Reference

Baldwin, R and Okubo, T. 2012. 'Networked FDI: Sales and Sourcing Patterns of Japanese Foreign Affiliates'. London, Centre for Economic Policy Research. https://cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=8963