Author(s):	Cemal , Quamrul H. Ashraf, Oded Galor, Marc Klemp
Publication Date:	June 2019
Date Revised:	September 2019
Keyword(s):	ethnic fractionalization, ethnic polarization, interpersonal trust, Political Preferences, population diversity, Social conflict
JEL(s):	D74, N30, N40, O11, O43, Z13
Programme Areas:	Economic History, Macroeconomics and Growth
Link to this Page:	cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=13779

This research advances the hypothesis and establishes empirically that interpersonal population diversity has contributed significantly to the emergence, prevalence, recurrence, and severity of intrasocietal conflicts. Exploiting an exogenous source of variations in population diversity across nations and ethnic groups, it demonstrates that population diversity, as determined predominantly during the exodus of humans from Africa tens of thousands of years ago, has contributed significantly to the risk and intensity of historical and contemporary civil conflicts. The findings arguably reflect the adverse effect of population diversity on interpersonal trust, its contribution to divergence in preferences for public goods and redistributive policies, and its impact on the degree of fractionalization and polarization across ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups.