Author(s):	Ton van den Bremer, Frederick van der Ploeg
Publication Date:	November 2012
Keyword(s):	economic development, Ghana, inefficiency, intergenerational fund, Iraq, liquidity fund, Norway, oil price volatility, precautionary buffers, public investment, sovereign wealth
JEL(s):	D91, E21, E22, Q32
Programme Areas:	International Macroeconomics
Link to this Page:	cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=9209

Three funds are necessary to manage an oil windfall: intergenerational, liquidity and investment funds. The optimal liquidity fund is bigger if the windfall lasts longer and oil price volatility, prudence and the GDP share of oil rents are high and productivity growth is low. We apply our theory to the windfalls of Norway, Iraq and Ghana. The optimal size of Ghana?s liquidity fund is tiny even with high prudence. Norway?s liquidity fund is bigger than Ghana?s. Iraq?s liquidity fund is colossal relative to its intergenerational fund. Only with capital scarcity, part of the windfall should be used for investing to invest. We illustrate how this can speed up the process of development in Ghana despite domestic absorption constraints.