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Themes

  • Key Themes
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Central Banking
  • Climate Change
  • Competition Policy
  • Development & Growth
  • Economic History
  • Energy
  • EU Economic Architecture
  • Inflation
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  • Sustainable Finance
  • Ukraine Initiative
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  • Other Themes
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  • Covid 19
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Digital euro
VoxEU Column

The optimal amount of central bank digital currency in circulation

  • Frank Smets
  • Carlos Montes-Galdon
  • Manuel A. Muñoz
  • Lorenzo Burlon

16 Aug 2022
  • Monetary Policy
Discussion paper

DP16995 The optimal quantity of CBDC in a bank-based economy

  • Lorenzo Burlon
  • Carlos Montes-Galdon
  • Manuel A. Muñoz
  • Frank Smets

2 Feb 2022
  • Monetary Economics and Fluctuations
  • E42
  • E58
  • G21
Discussion paper

DP16403 Macroeconomic stabilisation and monetary policy effectiveness in a low-interest-rate environment

  • Günter Coenen
  • Carlos Montes-Galdon
  • Sebastian Schmidt

27 Jul 2021
  • Monetary Economics and Fluctuations
  • E31
  • E32
  • E37
  • E52
  • E58
Discussion paper

DP16050 Effects of State-Dependent Forward Guidance, Large-Scale Asset Purchases and Fiscal Stimulus in a Low-Interest-Rate Environment

  • Günter Coenen
  • Carlos Montes-Galdon
  • Frank Smets

18 Apr 2021
  • Monetary Economics and Fluctuations
  • E31
  • E32
  • E37
  • E52
  • E62
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