|
IN THIS ISSUE... The rapid ageing of the populations of all developed countries over
the next few decades will lead to a greater economic and social
transformation than the oil shock of 1973 or the recession of the early
1980s. This issue of the Bulletin opens with a report of a new CEPR
volume examining the consequences of population ageing and changing
retirement behaviour. It also features a conference in Italy on the
problems faced by developing countries attempting to implement
adjustment programmes. There are lunchtime meetings on LDC debt relief,
the consequences of the completion of the EC internal market for trade
with the rest of the world, and a new book on Blueprints for Exchange
Rate Management. At a meeting in July, Paul Johnson launched a new CEPR book on Workers Versus Pensioners: Intergenerational Justice in an Ageing World. He discussed the consequences of population ageing for the viability of public and private pension systems, the increasing financial security of the elderly, the changing pattern of withdrawal from the labour force, and intergenerational conflict over the fiscal burden of the welfare state. Adjustment in Developing Countries Participants at a conference organized with the Italian research network STEP discussed problems facing LDCs implementing adjustment programmes. The discussion focused on the debt burden, income inequality and trade restrictions. The Brady Plan for LDC Debt At a May lunchtime meeting Daniel Cohen argued that limited debt write-offs would not solve the LDC debt problem. He proposed a `generalized buy-back' scheme in which all transfers to creditors would take place at the debt's market value. The External Consequences of 1992 André Sapir told a lunchtime meeting that the consequences of 1992 for the rest of the world will vary widely across sectors, depending on the competitive position of EC and non-EC suppliers and on the Community's external trade policy. Blueprints for Exchange Rate Management Marcus Miller and Richard Portes examined the prospects for a new exchange rate regime, in light of recent scepticism about the Louvre accord, and for future developments in the EMS as Europe moves towards monetary unification. Discussion Papers Louka Katseli describes how EC decision-making is developing in a `Euro-corporatist' direction. She warns of tensions as unions and smaller member states seek more equitable representation.Francesco Giavazzi and Marco Pagano suggest that EC countries with high levels of public debt may face confidence crises after the abolition of capital controls.Prathap Ramanujam and David Vines develop a model in which industrial production in the developed countries appears significantly to affect prices of aggregate primary commodity groups.Stephen Nickell and Sushil Wadhwani conduct an empirical analysis which reveals that financial factors do appear to be important determinants of employment in UK manufacturing companies.George Alogoskoufis and Ron Smith investigate whether shifts in the process generating consumer price inflation have led to shifts in the structure of a Phillips curve model. Their results lend some empirical support to the Lucas critique.George Alogoskoufis finds that fiscal policy misalignments have small effects on fundamental equilibrium exchange rates and so will not frustrate plans to stabilize nominal exchange rates.Ray Barrell and Simon Wren-Lewis estimate fundamental equilibrium levels of exchange rates. Their calculations reveal substantial misalignments of the G7 currencies in 1988/9.L Alan Winters finds that the voluntary export restraints on UK footwear imports agreed in the late 1970s led to substantial price rises and high welfare costs for UK consumers.David Currie, Gerald Holtham and Andrew Hughes Hallett review progress in evaluating the potential benefits from, and obstacles to, international economic policy coordination.Paul De Grauwe argues that the EMS has not, as often suggested, made disinflation possible at a lower cost. Instead, it has facilitated a more gradual process in which the costs of disinflation have been spread more evenly over time.Peter Neary re-examines optimal policy towards a home exporting firm competing on price with a foreign firm, taking into account recent attempts to model subsidies set after the firm has negotiated with prospective foreign buyers.John Treble investigates whether game-theoretic models can predict the behaviour of unions and employers bargaining over wages, focusing on the experience of the conciliation boards governing industrial relations in the UK coal industry during 1893-1914. |