Discussion paper

DP17202 Multiproduct Cost Passthrough: Edgeworth's Paradox Revisited

Edgeworth's paradox of taxation occurs when an increase in the unit cost of a product causes a multiproduct monopolist to reduce prices. We give simple illustrations of the paradox, including how it can arise with uniform pricing. We then give a general analysis of the case of linear marginal cost and demand conditions, showing how the matrix of cost passthrough terms is similar to a positive definite matrix, and so has positive eigenvalues. When the firm supplies two substitute products we show how Edgeworth's paradox always occurs with a suitable choice of cost function. We then establish a connection between Ramsey pricing and the paradox in a form relating to consumer surplus, and use it to find further examples where consumer surplus increases with cost.

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Citation

Armstrong, M and J Vickers (2022), ‘DP17202 Multiproduct Cost Passthrough: Edgeworth's Paradox Revisited‘, CEPR Discussion Paper No. 17202. CEPR Press, Paris & London. https://cepr.org/publications/dp17202