Discussion paper
DP18132 Trade and development in the Middle East, 1500-1914
During the early modern era most of the Middle East became unified by the Ottomans, who kept control of it for 400 years. Located at the crossroads of three continents, the Ottoman Empire was one of the longest-lasting dynasties in world history. This paper discusses trends in economic development in the Middle East drawing on existing estimates of population density at the city level, trade flows and GDP per capita, highlighting the high degree of spatial and temporal heterogeneity across the region.
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